Denial

Denial and deception are two different things that are often used together to complement one another. In metaphoric terms, denial is a stunning hit and deception is a knockout punch, or vice versa. Denial is concealing information and denying adversarial access to correct information concerning an intention or action. Denial often includes high security measures to prevent foreign adversaries or surveillance from discovering or revealing secret information on political or operational matters. It is basically keeping under wraps weaknesses or strengths, or anything you don’t want the adversary to know. By denying this information, there is an advantage gained over the adversary. An example of denial would be concealing dangerous weapons within a safe house or simply finding a safe place to hide.

Deception is intentional and is done to gain an advantage. Deception is the form of concealment and activity which is designed to mislead. Deception can be achieved in a few ways. Two ways are through fabrication and manipulation. Fabrication is the creation and presentation of false information as if it were in fact, true. Manipulation is the use of information which is technically true but is being presented out of its accurate context in order to create a false implication to the receiver. Deception can be achieved by omitting certain parts of information in order to create false assumptions and views on the information presented. Deception is actually human nature as denial is. Many kids learn to fabricate when they are young in order to tell the truth (technically), and still leave out key information to keep them clear of trouble. Operationally, blowing up fake models of air balloons in the shape of tanks or missiles is deception.