Learning is best defined as

a.   any change in behavior.

b.   a relatively permanent change in behavior due to past experience.

c.   a permanent change in behavior due to physical development.

d.   any change in behavior caused by repeating a response.

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 2

 

 

Learning includes changes in behavior as a result of

a. motivation.

b. maturation.

c. experience.

d. fatigue.

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 3

 

 

Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of

a. operant conditioning.

b. reinforcement.

c. classical conditioning.

d. vicarious conditioning.

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 4

 

 

Children tend to imitate the violence portrayed in

a.   live and televised professional wrestling matches.

b.   rap music.

c.   video games.

d.   all of these.

 

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 5

 

 

Which of the following statements concerning television and

video game effects on aggression is TRUE?

a. Television and video game violence has little effect on permanent behavior.

b. Television and video game violence causes violent behavior.

c. Television and video game violence can make aggression more likely.

d. After watching television or playing a violent video game, only young children show an increase in aggression, not adolescents

and adults.

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 6

 

 

The term personality refers to

a.   the hereditary aspects of one’s emotional nature.

b.   unique and enduring behavior patterns.

c.   favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics.

d.   charisma, character, or temperament.

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 7

 

 

All your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are make up your

a. superego

b. id

c. reality principle

d. self-concept.

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 8

 

 

Which of the following theories focuses on the inner workings of personality,

especially internal conflicts and struggles?

a.  humanistic theories

b.  psychodynamic theories

c.  behavioristic theories

d.  trait theories

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 9

 

 

The theories that place importance on the external environment and on the effects of conditioning and learning are the ________ theories of personality.

a.  humanistic

b.  psychodynamic

c.  behavioristic

d.  cognitive

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 10

 

 

Freud became interested in the study of personality when he realized that

 

a.   his patients lacked physical causes for their problems.

b.   the treatment of psychological disorders was more advanced than those for  physical disorders.

c.   many of his patients were faking symptoms.

d.   no comprehensive theories of the mind were widely accepted.

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 11

 

 

According to Freud, the use of mental processes to deny, distort, or otherwise block out sources of

threat to the ego and anxiety are referred to as

 

a.  the pleasure principle.

b.  self-efficacy.

c.  congruence.

d.  defense mechanisms.

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 12

 

 

According to humanistic psychologists, to be happy, we need to feel that our behavior accurately expresses who we are; that is, ________ is vital for healthy functioning.

a. being authentic

b. incongruence

c. fixation

d. alienation

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 13

 

 

The psychiatrist that first proposed that people are either introverts or extroverts was

a. Abraham Maslow.

b. Carl Jung.

c. Sigmund Freud.

d. B. F. Skinner

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 14

 

 

Rogers emphasized that to maximize our potentials, we must

 

a.   block, deny, or distort experiences that are threatening to our self-image.

b.   care more about our looks

c.   be true to ourselves, even if we have to ignore the feelings of others.

d.   accept information about ourselves as honestly as possible.

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 15

 

 

According to behavioristic theorists, barriers to personal  growth include ________, while psychoanalytic

theorists view ________ as barriers to personal growth.

a.   unhealthy traits; maladaptive habits

b.   conditions of worth; unhealthy traits

c.   maladaptive habits; unconscious conflicts

d.   conditions of worth; incongruence

 

 

 

 

 

a.

b.

c.

d.

4 points

Question 16

 

 

According to research, the best way to overcome shyness is to

a.   enhance social skills.

b.   lower anxiety by accepting that shyness is an inherited problem.

c.   learn to enjoy solitude.

d.  change your style of dress.